ABSTRACT
Hyoscyami Semen, the mature dried seed of Hyoscyamus niger L., has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat human diseases. Hyoscyami Semen is found in local markets in China. In markets, sellers and buyers commonly inadvertently mix the seeds of H. niger with the seeds of related species such as Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees, Astragalus complanatus R. Br., Cuscuta australis R. Br., Cuscuta chinensis Lam., and Impatiens balsamina L. because of their similar morphologies or similar names. Thus, developing a reliable method for discriminating H. niger seeds from its adulterants is necessary to reduce confusion and ensure the safe use of Hyoscyami Semen. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of high-resolution melting analysis combined with DNA barcoding (Bar-HRM) with internal transcribed spacer 2 to discriminate H. niger. Our results show that Bar-HRM successfully identified the adulterants and detected the proportion of H. niger DNA extract within an admixture. In particular, HRM detected H. niger DNA extract in A. complanatus DNA extract at concentrations as low as 1%. In conclusion, the Bar-HRM method developed in the present study for authenticating H. niger is rapid and cost-effective. It can be used in the future to guarantee the purity of Hyoscyami Semen for the clinical use.
Subject(s)
China , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Methods , DNA, Intergenic , Chemistry , Genetics , DNA, Plant , Chemistry , Genetics , Discriminant Analysis , Drug Contamination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Hyoscyamus , Genetics , Seeds , Genetics , Transition TemperatureABSTRACT
The pain as the most prevalent medical problem and an unpleasant experience obliges patients to use sedatives. Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloid compounds have antinociceptive property. Regarding the presence of anticholinergic alkaloid compounds in henbane [hyoscyamus niger] and since this plant was mentioned as sedative in Iranian traditional medicine, the aim of present study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of oral and injective administration of henbane seed on formalin-induced acute and chronic pain in rats. Male rats weighing 300-350 gr from NMRI strain were chosen randomly, and alcoholic extract of henbane seed were injected at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg intraperitoneally[n=10 for each dose]. Also oral henbane seed at ratio of 1/14 in standard food was given to another group of rats [n=8] for 2 weeks. Acute and chronic pain scores were assessed in control [n=8] and experimental groups by formalin test. The reactions against the pain were carried out via formalin test, based on the standard criteria assessment. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of sodium salisilate as a positive control group was examined. Statistical analysis of findings showed that injection of alcoholic extract of henbane seed in all doses decreased the formalin-induced acute and chronic pain significantly [P<0.001]. In addition, oral administration of henbane seed caused significant decrease of formalin-induced chronic pain [P<0.001] relative to control group. The results of the present study indicate that henbane extract has significant antinociceptive effect on both acute and chronic phases of formalin test. In addition, oral administration of henbane seed has only antinociceptive effect on formalin-induced chronic pain. It could be resulted from different mechanisms of extract injection and oral administration henbane in acute pain
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Hyoscyamus , Plant Extracts , Alcohols , Rats , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
Cada una de las plantas medicinales tiene una historia que es inreresante conocer. Con frecuencia, su nombre popular o cientifico ya nos revela parte de ella. Casi siempre tales antecedentes historicos son como la brujula que nos orienta hacia su investigacion, primordialmente en lo que respecta a lo fitoquimico y a lo terapeutico. Tales conocimientos son de gran valor para el hombre y es gratificante observar como el pasado y presente utilitario de una planta siempre hacepromisorio su futuro, lo que nos abliga a cuidarlas, conservarlas, estudiarlas y reproducirlas. Para apoyar lo aqui sugerido, hablaremos de cuatro plantas medicinales cuyo uso terapeutico ha sido conocido desde hace cientos de anos en diferentes latitudes de nuestro planeta y que la homeopatia (que apenas cueta con doscientos anos) las mantiene vigentes hasta nuestros dias y que seguramente de acuerdo con su metodo las conservara como medicamentos de uso permanente
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Arnica , Chelidonium majus , Guatteria gaumeri , Homeopathy , HyoscyamusABSTRACT
La casuística que presentaré a continuación tiene por objeto compartir uno de los tantos casos de HYOSCIAMUS, que deben pasar muchas veces desapercibidos por nuestros consultorios por no tratarse de pacientes crónicamente insanos, o por no padecer de las típicas crisis delirantes que se describen en la patogenesia del medicamento